A Report On Snowboarding Winter Sports

A Report On Snowboarding Winter Sports Snowboarding is one of the biggest and fastest growing winter sports. The reason I chose to look into snowboarding more, is because I have wondered about issues like where it began, backcountry boarding, and safety. Snowboarding has been progressing very rapidly, but when did snowboarding actually originate? And who was the person who started it? It seems according to the research I did, that no one actually knows who first came up with the idea. Some say that in the 1920s is when people first started using snowboards, although not actually snowboards, more a board with a string. But we do know that the first type of snowboard was the snurf board. It never had bindings, and was only made for a few years, but the most astounding part was that in the first year of its production, nearly half a million boards were sold. After the snurf board came along burtons first boards, and with them also came the first professional boarders, and the first competitions began. Since then the sport has continued to evolve, and so has the gear as we will talk about later on. Snowboarding gear has changed drastically over the years, from boards and gear that more resembled ski boots and surf boards, to flimsy leather boots that had no strength, to the stiff comfortable boots we now enjoy. The boards themselves have changed drastically as well, but I think the most drastic change has been the clothing for snowboarders. Not only in the way theyre designed, but also in the colors that seem to be popular for that time period. Many of the bright colors such as pink that were sported in the 80s, seem to be coming back in the last few years, Not only pink, but just bright colors in general. The evolution of the bindings is another big step that seems to have been more took in small steps at a time. bindings have progressed from two straps that needed to be ratcheted, to two straps but only one ratchet.. manufacturers have also created step in bindings, which seemed to be in for a little while, but they dont have the same back support, and they tend to have many more problems with the setup, including broken rip cords for when taking of a boot from the board, to frozen snow and ice so that they cant even get the boot locked in. Thus because of all the issues that happened, it seems that manufacturers of all brands have more or less got rid of the step in binding and boots setup. Backcountry is a type of snowboarding that seems to be progressing rapidly, and also shows up more in the latest movies like: Thats It Thats All and Get Real; the focus seems to be on big air Jumps, up to 150 feet distance , and 50 or 80 feet in the air, and then landing on perfectly sloped hills with tons of powder. Another way backcountry seems to be used in the movies is for huge drops, and coming down super steep mountains. These forms are all backcountry, and it is done in many different ways for many different people. Some people use snowmobiles for going into the back country while others use snowshoes or even snowboards that can be split into two parts and made into skis for skiing up the mountain. The main attraction for most people to backcountry seems to be all the fresh powder that comes along with the hard work, as well as people enjoy the adventure and time spent with friends during the day. One of the biggest risk factors about backcountry snowboarding would have to be all the avalanches that happen every year. Without the usual blasting like what goes on at big ski hills, the snow can become very unstable, and even create overhangs, and as a result many avalanches start. Another reason for avalanches is the different variety of conditions up in the mountains, thus causing unstable snow that slides very easily. Differences in tricks and styles of riding since the first competition, have become very clear, I myself dont know what types of tricks and such that were pulled during the first competition. For all I know it could have just been about the one that stayed on his board the longest won! But what I do know is that over the years the tricks and different styles of boarding have changed. First, lets talk about the different styles and kinds of snowboarding, and then after that we will look at how it has all progressed in tricks. The main type of snowboarding is still where someone goes to the ski hill, gets a board and just enjoys going down the slopes at their own pace. However, there are different types, for example, in the deserts they snowboard, but instead of doing it on snow its on sand. There is also the racing of snowboarders down single tracks. The boards are made differently and have the bindings pointing more towards the nose of the oard. There is also the type where you get a bout five people in each race and you go down a track with jumps and moguls, trying to beat the other competitors to the finish line. Another type is the more park freestyle type were boarders can go into half pipes and pull tricks, or nail a few rails. Each type of riding seems to have a type of board that goes along with it. The boards can differ in their flex, length and weight, thus the board suits the type of riding the rider uses it for. Sometimes the rider uses a different style of board than he should for the type of riding he does. For example.. Instead of riding a stiffer board like I should I prefer a flexi board.. but its just my personal preference. When setting up a snowboard there are many different things to come into consideration, including length of the board for the person and the set up, either goofy or regular. Also, the angle of the bindings can be changed for omparableness. When picking a board length for a person, the majority of the time we want a board tha t is just under our nose when compared to us, but again as you get better you might want to change the length of the board for the style of riding you do. When a person is getting set up for the first snowboarding experience, they usually do a test to see which foot should be put first , right foot forward is goofy, left foot forward is regular. To test which foot should go forward they usually just push you backwards and see which foot you step back with. That indicates which is the lead foot, and it should be at the front. When deciding on the angle of your bindings it usually is put for the most comfortable setting allowing the best movement and stability. The usual formation is set with the back binding facing straight, while the front is angled about 10 to 20% towards the front of the board. Again, as the rider gets better he may choose to change the angles. Mine are set both straight, while my friends are set duck foot, being the back binding angled to the tail of the board, w hile the front binding is angled to the front of the board. The reason why so many injuries and deaths occur when snowboarding can be split into two reasons. First, why and how do injuries and deaths occur for backcountry snowboards? And two, why and how are injuries and deaths occurring for snowboarders on slopes and such? To begin with I think we should look at what causes the injuries and deaths in backcountry snowboarding. The largest factor in deaths to snowboarders when doing backcountry is avalanches. Avalanches can be triggered so easily, from taking a drop, to just carving in the fresh powder. So why do avalanches occur? What causes these mass amounts of snow to come careening down the hill towards onlookers and smashing to bits everything in its way? An avalanche is caused by the way snow builds up and the kind of snow building up, as well as different temperatures as it builds up.. if there is a solid slab on the bottom with powdery snow on top , the bottom slab can act l ike a slippery board, and the snow on top will slide on it. In this illustration, it shows the unstable snow that built up, and as the skier in this case carved on the snow it let loose, causing an avalanche. Another reason for deaths to snowboarders is due to the fact that it seems un cool to wear a helmet. I had never ridden with a helmet until this year, but I must say that it doesnt affect anything but keeping your head safe, and who wouldnt want that. If we could get more people wearing helmets alone it would take the death rate down. Illustration 1 I myself grew up skiing from a young age of about five or younger. By the time I was about seven, I was already snowboarding and doing very well at it. From then on I had a lot of people that influenced my boarding, and taught me many skills. At the age of about twelve I started really getting into all the tricks, and uring that time I also built a few rails and attempted to build a half pipe on our property.. of course it was only 4 feet high and 8 feet across, but hey it was something Ill never forget. Since then Ive learned many tricks: 180, 360, 540, grabs, rails even a back flip. After them it just turns into trying to combine the tricks such as a back flip 180 with a grab in it.. gets scary but super fun. Although I have grown up in a small town with huge mountains around me, I really havent done all that much backcountry. Yes, I have done backcountry, but it ends up being like a few times a year at the most. this year I have been wanting to get out and do some more backcountry , but the weather doesnt seem to want me to, seeing as we have had very bad weather which causes many avalanches. But my opinion still stands from my past experiences, backcountry is just the best type of riding, from the soft deep powder, to the massive 80 to 140 foot gaps you can make, with powdery landings. If you want a challenge and a good time, I suggest backcountry snowboarding with a few friends â€Å"beginning of snowboarding.† Snowboard history. 05-22-05. 15/12/09 www. Sbhistory.de â€Å"the history of snowboarding- from garages to Olympics.† The history of snowboarding. 09/10/2008. 16/12/09 http://www.thehistoryof.net/history-of-snowboarding.html â€Å"The history of snowboarding.† Bulgaria ski. 16/12/09 http://www.bulgariaski.com/snowboarding.shtml â€Å"the history of snowboarding .† contributions to the history of snowboarding. 15/12/09 http://www.faqs.org/contrib/jj2/The-history-of-snowboarding.html â€Å".shorelineoftahoo.com. youtube. 15/12/09 â€Å".youtube. VBS.tv. 15/12/09 Ryan wiltons history picture collection. youtube. 16/12/09 â€Å"history of snowboarding.† 16/12/09 Wikipedia â€Å"Backcountry snowboarding.† Backcountry. 15/12/09 http://pistehors.com/backcountry/wiki/Gear/Backcountry-Snowboarding â€Å"off piste- backcountry snowboarding.† ABC of snowboarding. 15/12/09 http://www.abc-of-snowboarding.com/offpiste.asp â€Å"The backcountry can be a beautiful, but dangerous place!†. 2008-2009 season. http://www.snowboarding-master.com/backcountry.html Magazine Snowboard Canada issue for early winter 2009 â€Å"Totally Rad 80s Snowboard Gear Dude.†12/12/08 http://www.fuel.tv/FUELTVED/blogs/view/4787 Pictures AA.http://david.geraldine.perso.neuf.fr/pistehors/images/avalanche/snow/slab-release-d.png

Backstroke Swimming

Swimming backstroke the complete guide to getting your stroke perfect, along with faults their causes and how to Swimming backstroke/ introduction Swimming backstroke is the third fastest stroke competitively, originated from an old english style of swimming backstrokeand has developed over the years and has evolved into an alternating and more effective action. This action givesthe backstroke less resistance with a continuous propulsion.The speed of the backstroke is limited by the restrictiverange of movement of the shoulders as well as the ability/inability to use the power in the chest muscles to thebest desired effect by the roll of the body which will be discussed in more detail in the chapter about the upsweepof the arms. When swimming backstroke it is usually developed from a simple back paddle just kicking legs on the back, once this achieved then the backstroke swimmer can begin to develop the arms as long as the streamlined body position is maintained.Swimming backstroke c an be a first choice of stroke for the beginner because it free from the water and does not reallyrequire a breathing pattern so there are little or no difficulties. The only problem can occur is that some swimmersdo not like lying on their back due to fear of the water. Swimming backstroke/ body position When swimming backstroke the body should be in a flat and horizontal position (supine). The body should also be ina streamlined position. The head should be relaxed, with the water should be crossing the ears keeping steady andin line with the body.The eyes should be looking upwards and backwards keeping the chin close to the chest. Keep your shoulders just below the surface of the water but they will only become visible as your body rollsand your arms recover. Your hips are the lowest part of the body when swimming the backstroke. The practice ofletting the less able swimmers hips sink should be discouraged if you are teaching your child or yourself to swim backstroke Keep your le gs and toes close the surface with your toes breaking the surface of the water. Your body will roll on it'slongitudinal axis, you can roll up to about 60 degrees from the horizontal.This roll helps to assist so thatyou can place your hand in the best catch position so that you can have an effective underwater arm action which assists the over water arm recovery. The only part of the body not involved in this body roll is the head this should be perfectly still when swimming backstroke. Swimming backstroke/ leg action When you swim backstroke you will need a good, strong and efficient legs kick. The leg kick in backstroke is mainlyused for balance, it is not very likely that the leg kick will provide much propulsion.If you were a good leg kicker then you may get a little propulsion maybe 1-5 percent which could be used when the arms are not intheir propulsive phase. When one arm is above the head ready for entry and the other is by the side just finishedit's pull. You must remember t hat the although the legs do not contribute to propulsion they are still importantfor a good body position as well as balance for your strong sweeping actions made by your arms which is made outside the line of the body which will in effect will cause lateral deviation. So a good leg action willminimize lateral deviation (moving from side to side).Although the kicks are described as an upbeat and downbeat it is important that the kick does not necessarily take place in the vertical plane. Your hips move side to side along with the upper body as it rolls so the path of thekick is influenced at the time of the upbeat and downbeat. When swimming backstroke the legs action is alternating as well as continuous. Your legs will stay close togetherand the movement of each of your legs initiates from the hip and is observed as an upbeat and downbeat. Swimming backstroke/ Downbeat (recovery) Your leg will begin the downbeat close to the surface of the water and the leg is almost straight.When you begin thedownbeat your hip will press downwards and then will be followed by your upper leg your lower leg and your foot. The downbeat of each of your legs is called the recovery phase so this movement you will find should be relaxedand done without very much effort. When you get to the end of the downbeat that will be the lowest point and outside of your body range. The depth of this all depend on the size of your limbs. As a guide the leg will be at a point where the leg can be fully extended with your toes pointed. It will be apparent to the backstrokeswimmer that the flexibility of the your ankles is of importance.Swimming backstroke/ Upbeat (propulsion) The upbeat will begins as your hip begins to lift. Then your upper leg follows the hip and your knee will begin to bend your knee will bend will be about 90 to 120 degrees. Your lower leg will then press upwards with your shin andand the top of your foot. The pressure at this stage is a combination of upwards and backwards. Now your leg willaccelerate upwards and as you kick your leg to the surface this is when propulsion is achieved. When the toes breakthe surface the upbeat ends. Swimming backstroke/ arm actionWhen swimming backstroke you will find that the arms provide main propulsion. The arm action is continuous and alternating. There are four partsto the arms in backstroke which are the entry, catch, propulsive phase and recovery which I will discuss in moredetail. Swimming backstroke/ Entry When your hand enters the water your little finger enters first keeping it in line with your shoulder. Your palm facing outwards and then handshould sink to a depth of about 30 cms causing the minimum amount of drag. Make sure that your hand does sink a little because it help with your body roll.Your arm will also be fully extended As your hand will be placed in the water. Making sure it is donewithout any undue tension as well as making sure that you do not over reach. It is very important that the arm ente rs in line with the shoulder. An entry that is too close to the centre line or too wide will have a detrimental effect on your streamlining and propulsion. It is also very importantthat your little finger enters first by entering with the back of the hand will cause more resistance also you will not be able to sink your hand to the desired position as well as a tendency to pull with the little finger leading.Your hand will start to feel the pressure of the water ready for the sweeping and propulsive movement which will follow. Shortly afterwards your hand will be in the catch position. You will then rotate your hand downwards, as you press on the water your elbow will bend and your upper arm will rotate, givingyou a high elbow position that you need to enable the initial downward sweep to be performed effectively. When learning the backstroke you will find that the arms are the hardest part of the stroke and to develop the correct catch position and the downwards movement to the cat ch position.But practice makes perfect! Swimming backstroke/ Catch Your hand will now begin to give a backwards pressure on the water. This is so that your hand can make a purchase on the water and move your body forwards over the hand. Swimming backstroke/ downsweep Your elbow will now begin to bend and your hand will continue to sweep downwards slightly. As your hand begins the downsweep the pitch of your hand will be downwards as well as backwards. When you have finished the downsweep your elbow will be flexed to 90 degrees your hand will be in line with your shoulder. our elbow at this point will be pointing to the pool bottom and your finger tips should be facing outwards. You will change your hand pitchinto a backwards direction in the transition period, through to inwards and upwards, ready to begin your upsweep. Swimming backstroke/ Pitch of the hand It is important to realize that swimming backstroke you will continually alter the pitch of your hand throughout the sweeping actions. So that you get the best possible propulsion during the downsweep your hand should be pitched downwards, outwards, and slightly backwards.Swimming backstroke/ Upsweep Your hand will now sweep upwards towards the surface of the water keeping the elbow bent. The upsweep progresses from your shoulder line through to justabove the waist. It is of importance now that the roll is of great importance, to ensure that the sweeping propulsive can be effective. At the endof your upsweep your pitch is now altered to backwards then to downwards and then backwards. Swimming backstroke/ Final Downsweep When your hand sweeps downwards your elbow will straighten.The propulsive phase of the arm stroke is now completed with your arm extended below your hip. When you swim with the arms they are likened to a long letter ‘s' shape alongside your body in the water. Swimming backstroke/ Recovery Your body will roll after the final downsweep of your hand the recovery action of your arm begins . Your hand on which you are to recover will be below the level of your hip so it needs to be lifted through the water in a way which will cause you the minimum amount of resistance.You can achieve thisby rotating your hand inwards so the palm faces your thigh, your hand will then be able to cut through the water on its side. When you bring it up it should leave the water be thumb first. Once your arms have left the water your arms should come directly over your shoulder being an elevated positiondue to the body roll. When your thumb is your arms is gradually from your shoulder joint to place your hand in a little finger entry position as it passes yourhead on it's way down into the water.Make sure your arm is straight as wells relaxed during the recovery giving your arms an opportunity to recovery from thepropulsive phase. Make sure you do not overreach at this time. Swimming backstroke/ arm opposition When swimming backstroke the timing of the recovery and propulsive arm position is very important if you want to swim backstroke with good technique. As your recovering arm enters the water the propulsive arm should be sweeping down at the end of it's propulsive phase.The opposition of your arms helps with your body roll and your streamlining and it provides the most continuous application of propulsive force on the water. Swimming backstroke/ breathing When swimming backstroke breathing is not usually any problem because the head is free of the water and does not go into the water at any time. Breathing can take place at anytime during the stroke. Make sure that you take a regular pattern of breathing. The usual pattern of breathing isto take an in breath as one arm recovers and an out breath on the other arm recovery (in on one arm out on the other).Swimming backstroke/ co-ordination When swimming the backstroke there are two parts to co-ordination the timing the leg action with your arms as well as the arms with eachother. Swimming backstroke/ leg action tim ing The most common timing used is the six beat leg action this is complete by the time the cycle of the arms is complete. It is important that a strong balancing leg kick is used when swimming backstroke because as I mentioned before the arms are pitched outside the center line and the faster leg kick s used to maintain a streamline and horizontal position preventing lateral deviation (body moving side to side). The six beat action is the most commonly used a small minority of backstroke swimmers will use any other pattern. Swimming backstroke/ arm action timing When swimming backstroke your arms can be seen opposite each other but there is a period in this cycle when both arms are in the water at the same time. This is simply when one arm is moving towards the catch and the other is releasing the water and beginning the recovery.This is a slight overlap which ensures that your stroke doeskeep a continuous propulsion from your arms. Swimming backstroke/ faults, causes and correctio ns When you swim backstroke you will find you may have one or more faults, in this part of my page we will look at thefault that you may come across the reasons why and how you can improve and correct the fault. You may not realize youhave any kind of fault but it may be worth having a read in case you recognize something in your stroke which youmay not have realized is a fault.

The Application Of The Macintosh - 1248 Words

Creator/Marketer Steve Jobs had never imagined such small product to change the world as much as it did. It not only changed the world, but it also changed the way people look at life. Jef Raskin, an Apple employee who wanted an easy to use and low cost computer for the average person. He had begun the Macintosh project in 1979. Jef got the name â€Å"Macintosh† from his favorite apple, the McIntosh. He changed the spelling for legal reasons. Steve jobs has requested that McIntosh Laboratory give Apple a release to use the name with the spelling changed so that Apple was able to use it. McIntosh Laboratory denied that request, therefore Apple had to eventually buy the rights to use the â€Å"Macintosh† name. The very first Macintosh was designed†¦show more content†¦The downside to this Mac was, It had no room for internal expansion, no other cards or devices can be installed or can graphics be upgraded. It actually takes special tools just to get the case op en. Although the Macintosh 128k had a small 9† screen, black and white graphics and the screen rather limiting people still found the pros of Shelby 2 uniqueness of this Macintosh. The very vivid and uniqueness of the GUI really saved this computer from being like others. After the Lisa being introduced to the world, There was rumors spread about the mysterious â€Å"Macintosh† project happening at Apple in February 1983. Apple announced the Macintosh 128l manufactured at an Apple company in Fremont, California. The Macintosh was introduced in US $1.5 million Ridley Scott commercial. 1984, It was mostly aired during the third quarter of the Super Bowl XVIII. Which is now known as a â€Å"watershed event† and a â€Å"masterpiece† by many many americas. Many believed the Macintosh ad was more successful than the Macintosh itself. The Macintosh definitely saved humanity was IBM’s attempt to dominate the computer industry. After the Super Bowl commercial, The Macintosh went on sale, and came with two applications made to to show off its interface. MacWrite and MacPaint. These applications were fir st demonstrated by Steve Jobs, Know for his famous Mac Keynote speeches. Some people labeled the Macintosh a â€Å"Pure toy†. Many people loved the new and improved Apple product and many

Cosmological Argument for the Existence of God - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1247 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2019/10/30 Category Religion Essay Level High school Topics: Existence of God Essay Did you like this example? The goal of this essay is to explain and evaluate the two arguments for the existence of God formulated by Descartes in Meditations. The first argument is the cosmological argument. In essence, Descartes argues that the world was created by God because a person cannot create their own existence nor could have the world spontaneously come into existence. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Cosmological Argument for the Existence of God" essay for you Create order I clearly understand that there is more reality in an infinite substance than there is in a finite one. Thus, the perception of the infinite substance, that is, my perception of God is prior to my perception of myself. (pg. 51) Descartes wants to show that God exist as a superior being to prove that his ideas come from a greater power. Descartes argues that because he has this notion of God, who is a perfect entity this idea can not be own. Therefore, this idea could not originate from me but from God. Which proves that God is the sum of all creation and also exists. For how would I understand that I doubt and that I desire, that is, that I lack something and that I am not wholly perfect, unless there was some idea in me of a more perfect being, by comparison with which I might recognize my defects? (pg.51) This is an example of Descartes conducting a small thought experiment. Basically, his argument is that he understands that he doubts and desires as a human. In other words, he lac ks something and realizes that he exists as an incomplete being. This brings him to the conclusion that there is an idea of a more perfect being in him, a greater power and being, and that being is God. I believe that Descartes argument is successful. Descartes talks about this idea of God in his thoughts and wonders how this idea could have arisen. He makes a good point when he articulates that any cause must have at least as much reality as the effect it has on the world. One of the strongest points I believe that Descartes brings up is that another real being is less real than God so therefore only God, as an all-powerful, being could be the source of this thought. This is Descartes premise 1. I conclude than that this proves that God exists and it real. Additionally, we could not exist if the idea of God in our minds was not there. We already know that imperfect beings such as ourselves cannot bring each other into existence out of thin air, for only a perfect being such as God could accomplish such an act. Descartes know that he himself could not achieve this. One objection to this argument could be that you parents brought you into creation. I believe that Descartess counter a rgument regarding this objection would be that it would make us ask the question as to how did our parents come into creation then. When it comes down to it, in the end we have to acknowledge some entity or power that is greater than ourselves. Basically, there has to be somebody or something at the top of the food chain, and at the very top is the creator of all existence, God. I do not believe that God is a figment of our imagination because as Descartes stated we are not perfect beings and therefore our ideas and thoughts are limited. But Gods mind and ideas are not which makes him a perfect entity. I think it is safe to say that we are born with this notion of Gods in our minds. As an infant grows older they will come to realize that they are imperfect but carry this idea of perfection that only one true being could achieve. It is like God is such a perfect entity that his radiance and power washes over everything in creation, leaving an imprint on all other imperfect beings. Descartes second premise focuses on two types of reality. The first is called formal reality, which is the presence or existence of a thought and or idea. The second form of reality is called objective reality. This reality refers to the content of a thought or an idea. The existence of two different realities are arbitrary, however in his third meditation Descartes uses them to prove gods existence with success. He argues that all ideas and thoughts have the same level of formal reality. Each one is a state of the mind, but they are separate under objective reality. The lowest form of objective reality is a property or 2-dimensional feature about something or someone. For example, an apple is round or basketball player are tall. The second highest objective reality is a finite substance, this refers to the state of self as being and existing. Finally, the highest is an infinite substance, Descartes saves this designation for God. By categorizing objective reality Descartes shows us the separation between God and the rest of creation. More specifically he proves the existence of God by labeling him/her as an infinite substance, or in other words an infinite power. The infinite stands as a substance that holds no limitations or restraints in any of its abilities. The example for this in the eyes of Descartes would be a perfect entity, who would possess every piece of knowledge, and power. Descartes believes no other power could possible surpass this one, and that power is God. I understand by the name God a certain substance that is infinite, supremely intelligent, and supremely powerful, and that created me along with everything else that exists- if anything else exist. (pg.51) I deduct that we as individuals hold our own values, ideas, concerns, and feelings and yet among all of those expressions and thoughts there is doubt that we are our own creators and the worlds creator. However, the substance of God in us is powerful enough to prove that God exists. Formal reality and objective reality seal the argument for myself and Descartes. He articulates that the ideas or thoughts of these things were hovering before my mind (pg. 24), instead of appearing or coming to him from outside of his mind. I believe this is accurate since Descartes argues that an individual cannot gain knowledge simply through the senses but that it must have already existed within. The formal notion is that all ideas are the same. The objective concept is that all ideas are different. In the formal sense, ideas are the outcome of the process of thinking and are involved in the cogito. These ideas are straightforward and unique. When ideas are considered objective however, they are representatives of things that exist. Therefore, the connections between ideas result in truths when they match up to the realities of the world in which we exist. Ideas do not come from experience, but are found within intellect itself. Descartes, however, states that these clear and di stinct ideas do not necessarily correspond to realities, as there may be an omnipotent deceiver. In Meditation Three, Descartes describes three different notions of ideas and states that ideas can be adventitious, entering the mind from the outside world by external forces. These ideas include hearing a noise or feeling the heat of a fire. Ideas can also be innate, manufactured by the mind itself. If you are to learn anything from Descartes it is that an persons idea of what something is and the actuality of that same thing must come from his or her own nature and mind.